Grok's lean vanishes offline — GPT's is baked into the weights

The two models' biases have different roots, according to the study. When Parikh's team switched off web search for a 30-race sample, GPT kept picking Democrats in 24 of 30 races, while Grok refused to pick in 27 of 30 — its Republican lean collapsed without live search.

The citation stacks diverged sharply: Grok leaned on a Christian conservative voter guide in 39% of answers, Turning Point Action in 23%, and X in 41% of answers, while GPT drew on Wikipedia, the Associated Press, Axios, and Reddit.